Concrete is a quasi brittle material, and a large number of concrete structures inevitably experience cracks and work with them during their designed service life. The existence of cracks directly affects the service life of concrete structures, especially under erosion environmental factors or fatigue loads. The crack propagation process of reinforced concrete is analyzed. The deterioration mechanism, life prediction methods and prediction models of cracked concrete structures under different erosion environments are systematically reviewed and compared. The application status and advantages of fatigue crack propagation theory in fatigue life prediction of cracked concrete structures are described, and some life prediction methods and prediction models based on this theory are summarized. In addition, the life prediction methods of cracked concrete structures under the coupling action of erosion environment and fatigue load are summarized and discussed. In the end, the existing problems in the field of life prediction of cracked concrete structures are pointed out and some suggestions for future research are put forward.