To conduct source apportionment of aerosol particles in the laboratory,we established an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer based on polycapillary slightly focusing X-ray lens (PSFXRL) and laboratory X-ray source. The gain of power density of the PSFXRL used in the spectrometer was 450,and the focal spot size of the PSFXRL was 205 μm. The samples of receptors and sources with diameter of 1-2 μm were quantitatively analyzed by the XRF when the working voltage and current of X-ray source were 35 kV and 70 mA. On this basis,the chemical mass balance (CMB) model was employed to apportion source contribution and the source apportionment results indicated that the main pollution source of samples for receptor were vehicle exhaust and cement dust. The source apportionment results were ideal. The experimental results show the PSFXRL has potential application in source apportionment of aerosol particles.