Carbon-based materials is considered as the most effective candidate for noble metal oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts. Among them, graphdiyne as a new type of carbon allotrope is composed by both sp and sp2 hybrid carbon atoms and a two-dimensional network structure with a single atomic layer thickness. Therefore, graphdiyne-based materials exhibit a greater intrinsic electrochemical activity due to the inherent conductivity and stability. This review represented the latest progress and achievements on the synthesis of various graphdiyne-based materials and their composites used in the ORR catalysis, and analyzed the advantages of graphdiyne-based carbon materials in the oxygen reduction catalysis from the perspective of electronic structure and catalytic activity. In addition, the prospects and challenges of graphdiyne-based carbon materials in the ORR catalysis were also summarized, thus providing some future research aspects for the design and synthesis of high-quality graphdiyne-based inorganic nonmetal ORR catalysts.