A heat transfer model for pulse laser ablation of a bronze-bond diamond grinding wheel was built by considering the effects of evaporation, plasma shielding, and energy accumulation under the pulse interval. The model was applied for numerical simulation of the heat transfer characteristics in the pulse laser ablation of bronze and diamond. According to the results of numerical simulation, experiments were conducted for pulse laser ablation of a bronze wheel and bronze-bonded diamond grinding wheel. The theoretical analysis and experimental results showed that under the indicated conditions, the laser of 2.10×108 W/cm2 could only perform dressing on a bronze-bonded diamond grinding wheel; the laser of 2.10×108 W/cm2-2.52×108 W/cm2 merged the truing and dressing of the grinding wheel; and the laser of greater than 2.52×108 W/cm2 realized great-depth dressing but seriously affected the projection height of grits from the bond and their grinding performance. These researches provide theoretical guidance for optimizing the process parameters associated with laser ablation of a bronze-bonded diamond grinding wheel and the experimental data is in good agreement with the numerical solution to the model, thus verifying the correctness and feasibility of the heat transfer model.