A non-contact laser on-machine measuring system was developed to realize rapid on-machine measurement of complex curving parts such as blades in an aircraft engine. The mechanical structures and electronic controlling systems of the measuring system were introduced in detail. The laser on-machine measuring system is composed of laser sensors, wireless transmission circuits, a rechargeable lithium battery, transit bases, a handle and a shell etc. To rapidly switch the machining mode and measuring mode, the installation structure with a handle was adopted. When machining blade processing was switched into the on-machine measurement, the system could operate a tool change program, and the system might be taken out from the tool magazine to on-machine measuring mode. For the electronic control part of the measuring system, a data acquisition system of wireless transmission was developed. To verify the practicability and effectiveness of the on-machine measuring system, the experiment of scanning and measuring the blade section was executed on a 5-axis blade machining center. The experimental results show that the measuring precision is 20 μm and the measuring time is 10 min. As the results, it indicates that laser on-machine measuring system established in the paper realizes the measuring assignment of blade surfaces in a rapid and accurate manner.