The space electro-optical tracking and pointing turntable is a kind of space photoelectric payload, which is used to realize the stability of the optical axis and the tracking of the target in the space environment. In the process of launching, the turntable must endure many harsh mechanical environments such as vibration and shock, therefore, its dynamic characteristics directly determine the reliability of the turntable. When we use finite element method to analyze the dynamic characteristics, a finite element model that can accurately reflect the stiffness and damping characteristics of the turntable is the key to the analysis. The stiffness of the connected parts in the turntable, such as bearings and locking devices, has a great influence on the stiffness characteristics of the overall structure. In the current research, there is a distortion problem in the finite element modeling of bearings and locking devices.Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes an equivalent modeling method for bearing and locking devices by using generalized spring elements (bushing), which represents the behavior of a flexible connection or joint that allows translational and rotational movement. The translational degrees of freedom allow movement along the X, Y, and Z axes, representing the linear displacements in those directions, the rotational degrees of freedom allow rotation around the X, Y, and Z axes. We analyze the bearings and locking devices under dynamic load, establish their mechanical models, and define the significance of the Bushing elements stiffness matrix parameters.Then we simplify the structure of turntable, complete the equivalent modeling for shafting and locking devices by using Bushing elements, establish the finite element model of the turntable. Afterwards, we calculate a partial of bearing stiffness parameters based on Hertz contact theory. The remaining bearing stiffness parameters and all locking devices stiffness parameters that can not be theoretically calculated are obtained by parameter identification based on modal test data. Due to the stiffness of the bearings and locking devices decoupled from each other, we set up three different working conditions of modal test to obtain them. We use condition 1 (all locking devices: unlocked) to obtain the stiffness parameters of azimuth shafting and pitching shafting, condition 2 (azimuth locking devices: unlocked; pitching locking device: locked) to obtain the stiffness parameters of pitching locking device, and condition 3 (all locking devices: locked) to obtain the stiffness parameters of azimuth locking devices. Based on the obtained stiffness parameters, modal analysis is performed, the maximum relative error in natural frequencies between simulation and test is 5.1%, within the allowable margin. Finally, since the damping in the turntable system is a frequency-dependent damping, the constant damping used in traditional finite element analysis does not reflect real damping characteristics, we define damping characteristics of turntable by using modal damping. Modal damping is a frequency-dependent type of damping in finite element analysis, and suppresses responses by defining damping to each mode shape. Because of the superposition principle of damping effect, we use the maximum response of the X, Y, and Z directions in the 0.2 g swept-sine vibration test to identification the modal damping based on the constant damping of 0.02. Based on the obtained modal damping, harmonic response analysis is performed, the maximum relative error in the maximum responses of the X, Y, and Z directions between simulation and test is 3.2%, within the allowable margin. Hence the stiffness and damping parameters analysis of turntable is accurate, and the dynamic characteristics analysis is accurate.The results show that the method of using Bushing elements to model the bearing and locking devices equivalently can reflect the dynamic characteristics of the turntable more accurately than traditional modeling methods, and the methods of obtaining the stiffness and damping characteristics through theoretical calculation and parameter identification are feasible. It has a certain reference effect on the modeling and simulation of the same type of turntable.