Due to the influence of various factors, high-resolution space optical remote sensing system cannot get clear image in orbit. For the calibration of wavefront errors, normally methods and techniques of adaptive optics have been used. Conventional adaptive optics systems are large and complex, but they are not ideal for correction for high-resolution space optical system in orbit. Wavefront sensorless adaptive optics system do not need wavefront sensor, greatly simplifying the system structure, thus are smaller and easier to be implemented, especially suitable for correction for high-resolution space optical remote sensing systems in orbit. The use of wavefront sensorless adaptive optics system is proposed to resolve the key problems such as surface errors correction of primary mirror using MEMS deformable mirror with a large correction channel and the wide-field correction and so on. Through computer simulation studies for a typical three-mirror reflective optical remote sensing system, the validity of wavefront sensorless solutions to the correction for surface errors of primary mirror with large aperture is verified. Besides, a wide-field correction experiment platform has been built, and the validity of wavefront sensorless wide-field correction method has been verified by experiment.