In response to the requirements of high navigation accuracy, high calculation precision of the relative positioning between the UAV and the landing point on the moving platform, small size and light weight of the navigation system, a UAV navigation system for taking-off and landing on moving platform is developed based on the strapdown inertial navigation(SINS), BEIDOU carrier phase differential technique (that is, the real-time kinematic technique, RTK) and the multi-source navigation information fusion technology based on Kalman filtering. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the navigation system of the geographical system is as follows, heading of less than or equal to 0.2°(σ is the square difference), attitude of less than or equal to 0.15°(1σ), horizontal positioning of less than or equal to 0.4 m (1σ), and altitude of less than or equal to 0.8 m (1σ); and the relative accuracy of the navigation system and the mobile reference station at dynamic conditions is as follows, horizontal positioning of less than or equal to 0.05 m(1σ), altitude of less than or equal to 0.1 m(1σ). The flight tests show that the proposed navigation system meets the navigation accuracy requirements of UAV’s taking off and landing on the moving platform.