This study explored the influence of high-pressure gas blasting on coal's crack propagation and vibration characteristics. Using independently developed high-pressure air blasting devices, the high-pressure air blasting experiments were carried out on the simulated coal specimens. The surface crack propagation speed and particle vibration of the specimen were measured using a blasting speed acquisition instrument and a blasting vibration acquisition instrument, respectively. Furthermore, the crack propagation and fracture induced by high-pressure air blasting and the variation characteristics of particle vibration energy were analyzed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the evolution of pore cracks in specimens before and after blasting. The experimental results indicate that the surface cracks on the specimen are induced to develop and propagate along the direction of confining pressure loading at a design pressure of 15 MPa, and the crack development and propagation speed is v_{Bi-directional unequal pressure} > v_{no confining pressure} > v_{Bi-directional equal pressure}. Besides, The crack development and propagation speed vary under different confining pressure conditions, exhibiting two stages: rapid development and steady-state development as the distance from the crack initiation hole increases. The induced particle vibration signal is distributed in the range of 0~250 Hz, with the energy in the main frequency band of the vibration signal significantly different from that in other sub-bands and the vibration main frequency band significantly differing from other sub-bands. The primary vibration signal is concentrated in the low-frequency band of 0~31.25 Hz. These findings provide a theoretical basis and guidance for optimizing the distribution of fractures induced by high-pressure gas blasting and improving the effectiveness of gas extraction.