Based on the imaging-effect simulation model of an optical camera, a pre-simulation method for typical fault effects of aerial infrared imaging camera is proposed. Based on an in-depth simulation of the imaging effects of the optical system, detector, and electronic circuit signals of an airborne infrared camera, imaging fault effects under different conditions were simulated, and an imaging performance evaluation index of typical faults was used for comprehensive verification and evaluation. The results show that the simulation model based on sensor imaging effect can effectively simulate multiple fault effects, which is consistent with the subjective evaluation results and plays an important role in guiding the use and maintenance of equipment during the finalization of the equipment test. Fault simulation analysis can effectively evaluate and predict typical fault effects in aviation sensors.