With the gradual expansion of the application of fiber Bragg grating（FBG）, the requirements for accuracy, stability and real-time of the sensing system are increasing. In thispaper, the signal processing methods for the accuracy and reliability of FBG sensing systems are reviewed. The accuracy-related includes denoising algorithm, peak detection algorithm,multi-peak decomposition and multiplexing, and the calibration method to improve the reliability of the system are summarized. The theory and application of related signal processingalgorithms in the past ten years are mainly introduced, and the existing problems and development trends are analyzed.