In order to realize a compact， low delay， and fast target detection polarization imaging system， this study takes advantage of the characteristics of a dynamic vision sensor with high sensitivity and imaging speed to study the polarization detection method based on the dynamic vision sensor and then designs and builds the experimental system. Based on the contrast sensitivity of the dynamic vision sensor and the principle of optical polarization， the feasibility of the polarization detection method based on the dynamic vision sensor is proved theoretically. The experimental system is designed and built. The rotating platform carries the polarizer to rotate it rapidly. Because the reflected light of the scene in the field of view has different polarization characteristics， the transmitted light changes in brightness after rotating the polarizer. The dynamic vision sensor quickly captures the changes and images. The system uses embedded graphics processing unit control and real-time display. The experimental results show that the sensitivity of the polarization degree in the field of view is 0.148， and the target contour is clear with good visibility. The proposed system overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional polarization imaging system， such as large size and low imaging rate，and lays the foundation for the application of target detection based on polarization images.