Magnetic field measurement technology has been applied in various domains extensively, including mineral exploration, electronics manufacturing, national defense and so on. Consequently, it play a crucial role in promoting development in science, technology, and societal. Presently, electric magnetic field sensors suffer from complexity in their insulation structure, high cost, susceptibility to interference, and difficulties in digitalization. In contrast, optical fiber magnetic field sensors offer superior advantages, such as excellent insulation properties, compact structure, digital compatibility, robust immunity to interference, and high reusability. Therefore, optical fiber magnetic field sensors present a highly viable solution to address these challenges. The working principle, current research status, and existing challenges of optical fiber magnetic field sensors based on the magnetostrictive effect, Faraday effect, and magnetic fluid materials are reviewed. Furthermore, the future development directions and prospects of optical fiber magnetic field sensors are forecasted.