Forest biomass detection is the assessment basis of the carbon sequestration capacity of forest ecosystems, and it is of great significance for research on the carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems. The development of remote sensing technology provides an effective way to obtain forest biomass quickly and accurately. The paper first introduces the development of forest biomass estimation by remote sensing satellites in China and abroad, discusses the applicability of optical remote sensing, lidar and microwave radar data in forest biomass estimation, and summarizes the existing problems. Then, the requirements and tasks of the new generation of remote sensing satellite for forest biomass estimation in China are put forward. Considering the technical difficulties in high-precision and quantitative remote sensing measurement of forest biomass, the task analysis process and the load alloccation scheme are given. The scheme can realize the multi-load observation on the same platform and three-dimensional atmospheric aerosol detection. Finally, the future development of forest biomass remote estimation by sensing satellites is predicted.