Antibiotics have the advantages of strong antibacterial activity and low cost and have been widely used in production and daily life. However, the abuse of antibiotics may lead to their accumulation in the human body or food, causing public health problems such as ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, allergic reactions, and bacterial resistance. Therefore, this article selects fluorescence detection techniques with advantages such as high sensitivity, good selectivity, simple preparation, fast speed, and practical sample detection, which are significant for improving food safety and rational drug use. Based on the application of fluorescence technology in detecting antibiotics, this article selects tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene (TPB), a typical representative with AIE effect, which has advantages such as stable chemical properties, good luminescence performance and is not limited by solution conditions. It is made into a fluorescence probe to explore the photochemical properties of TPB and the impact of antibiotics on its quenching effect. The research results show that the maximum excitation wavelength of TPB is 365 nm, and the maximum emission wavelength is 435 nm. TPB has strong fluorescence characteristics. At an excitation wavelength of 365 nm, the quantum yield of TPB is 51. 9%. When the water volume fraction is 80%, the fluorescence effect of TPB is the best. The fluorescent probe TPB has high selectivity and strong anti-interference ability to tetracycline antibiotics. Tetracycline antibiotics have a high quenching effect on TPB, which meets the condition of fluorescence internal filtering effect, while sulfonamides and quinolones have a poor quenching effect on TPB. The fluorescence intensity of the system decreases with the increase of tetracycline hydrochloride concentration, and there is a strong correlation. The linear regression equation is y=-1. 338x+984. 20, and the detection limit is 0. 042 7 mmol·L-1; When pH≤7, the quenching effect is better; After adding tetracycline hydrochloride solution, the fluorescence intensity of the lake water, sea water and milk system was significantly weakened, and the change of the fluorescence intensity could indirectly reflect the change of the concentration of tetracycline antibiotics solution. This article explores the quenching of TPB by antibiotics, and the detection of antibiotic residues in the environment and food is of great significance, providing a reference for human governance of residual antibiotics in the food and environment.