The simultaneous observation of ozone and aerosol in Wangdu County, Hebei Province was conducted using an ultraviolet multi-wavelength lidar to obtain vertical distribution information of ozone and aerosol under combined atmospheric pollution. The results show that atmospheric backscattering causes the largest ozone mass concentration error in the dual-wavelength differential absorption inversion algorithm, with a maximum average mass concentration error of 16 μg/m³. The three-wavelength differential absorption algorithm can reduce the influence of some aerosols. The extinction coefficients of the three lidar wavelengths are eliminated by ozone absorption based on the inversion of ozone mass concentration, and the aerosol extinction coefficients of each wavelength are obtained. Moreover, the aerosol parameter inversion results agree well with the AERONET aerosol optical depth (AOD) data. Finally, UV multi-wavelength lidar inversion results, HYSPLIT backward trajectory analysis, and MERRA-2 reanalysis data were used to examine the typical pollution weather in Wangdu County. By the inversion of ozone mass concentration at 300 m and AOD above 300 m, the changing trend of the two is opposite, and the inhibition effect of AOD on UV radiation is most obvious during midday. During the observation period, air pollution in Wangdu County may be affected by pollutants transported from the northwest.