Bone defects caused by trauma, tumors, infections and other reasons are usually large in size, which exceed the self-healing range of bone and cannot be repaired by itself. Therefore, it is necessary to use bone cement to fill and repair bone defects. Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is a kind of bone cement commonly used in clinical practice. Due to its plasticity, good bioactivity and biocompatibility, CPC has been widely studied by scholars at home and abroad in recent decades. However, in view of the perspective of clinical practice, the application scope of CPC is limited so that the performances of CPC need to be improved. This paper is mainly divided into two parts: in the part of physical and chemical properties, the modification methods of CPC in mechanical strength, injectability, anti-collapsibility and radiation opacity are summarized; in terms of biological properties, the modification of CPC in osteogenic activity, biodegradability and drug loading property are discussed.