Breast cancer is the cancer with the highest morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. Using infrared thermal imaging can detect early breast cancer and reduce the death rate. The research results at home and abroad are used for reference, and the infrared thermal imaging method under the dual induction of cold environment and thermoelectric excitation is adopted to solve the problem of poor application effect of infrared thermal imaging of small size and deep breast cancerous tissue in the paper. The contrast of infrared thermal imaging is significantly increased, and the temperature contrast in the power-on mode is increased by 26.5%. The results show that the thermal contrast is mainly affected by the size, depth and temperature of the cancerous tissue, as well as the ambient temperature and heat transfer coefficient. In this paper, the thermal contrast ratio is improved by controlling the ambient and the heat source temperature at the same time, and the effect of early detection for breast cancer is expected to be increased by more than 50%.