A piezoelectric energy harvester based on Pneumato-coupling Piezoelectric Vibration (PHPV) was presented for the energy harvesting of low-frequency/high-level vibration and the self-powered active vibration control based on energy harvesting. The structure and working principle of the PHPV were introduced, and the energy harvesting performance was studied theoretically and experimentally. The theoretic analysis results show that the output performance of the PHPV depends on the vibration level/frequency, the structural size and material parameters of the cylinder/ piezodisc, proof-mass, backpressure, and so on. Under constant other parameters, there are an optimal frequency for the PHPV to generate a peak voltage and a minimal critical frequency for the PHPV to work normally. The increasing of proof-mass and backpressure can enhance the output voltage and bandwidth in different degrees, but exerts no influence on the optimal frequency. By a piezodisc with with piezodisc measured Ф 60×0.9 mm3 and cylinder measured Ф16×100 mm3, a PHPV prototype was fabricated and its voltage-frequency performance was tested at different backpressures/proof-masses. The obtained influence regularities of proof-mass/backpressure on the optimal-frequency/critical-frequency/maximal-voltage/bandwidth are in agreement with the analysis results. The optimal frequency almost is the same of 55 Hz at different test conditions. At given backpressure of 0.4 MPa and proof mass of 10 kg, the obtained critical-frequency/maximal-voltage/bandwidth relative to output voltage of 25 V are 9 Hz/88 V/72 Hz, which are 0.36/2/2.2 times those at 0.4 MPa and 10 kg, respectively.