This paper mainly studies several factors, which may affect the temperature measurement result when the Distributed Optical Fiber Temperature Sensor System (DTS) based on Raman scattering is used to monitor the cable temperature, and provides some feasible suggestions on how to improve the accuracy of DTS in temperature measurement under the actual monitoring. Firstly, the comparative experiment is developed by measuring the temperature of bare fiber and optical cable using the DTS at the same time. The result shows that if the calibration parameters obtained by bare fiber are directly applied to the optical cable in the field, the measured temperatures of optical cable and bare fiber are different. Therefore, higher temperature accuracy can be obtained by correcting the bare fiber calibration parameters or directly using the optical cable for calibration. Secondly, the influence of the sag and vibration of the aerial optical cable under the actual working conditions on the temperature measurement accuracy is investigated by experiment, and the result shows that the influence of sag and vibration on the temperature measurement accuracy is small. While compared with vibration, the influence of sag on the temperature measurement result is more obvious, which means that the influence on the temperature measurement result by the dynamic strain of the cable is more obvious than that by the static strain of the cable.