The pyrochlore type of lanthanum zirconate fibers were prepared by the microemulsion electrospinning method using LaCl3 and ZrClO2?8H2O as raw materials, and C2H5OH as solvent, and paraffin was introduced to construct porous structure of fiber as phase separation agent. The fiber structure and morphology were determined by XRD, SEM and BET. The luminescence properties of Eu3+ doped lanthanum zirconium fibers were measured by photoluminescence. The results show that the introduction of phase separation agent of paraffin can improve the pore structure in the fiber. When the amount of paraffin is 4 mL, the prepared lanthanum zirconate fibers have a high phase purity, a specific surface area of 20.77 m2?g-1, an average pore size of 19.3 nm, the more abundant structure and uniform distribution. Therefore doped Eu3+ in the fiber, the luminous intensity of the porous fiber increases due to the charge transition between oxygen ions and rare earth ions, and the light scattering of porous structure increases.