In order to minimize additional overhead and find the optimal transmission path, combined with the characteristics of line of sight transmission and long-distance transmission of laser communication, a deep space optical communication network routing algorithm(RA-ACA) based on ant colony algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the unidirectional link problem and node energy consumption problem in deep space optical communication are studied, and then RA-ACA is optimized based on the traditional routing algorithm. Finally, the simulation and comparison experiments are carried out. The simulation results show that the total remaining energy on the convergence path of RA-ACA is about 5 kW·h higher than that of TACA, and the convergence speed of RA-ACA is increased by 50% when it retains the node pheromone.