Optical fiber is more and more widely used in low temperature environment, and the research and exploration of more excellent low temperature coatings and optical fiber low temperature performance are gradually deepened. G.652 single-mode fiber with three different coatings is used for fiber pressure resistance test. The surface morphology of the fiber after pressure resistance test is analyzed. At the same time, the anti-pressure and additional attenuation properties of the fiber coating after low temperature test are tested and characterized. The experimental results show that the higher the pressure resistance value of the fiber, the smaller the low temperature additional attenuation value, the better the low temperature resistance performance, and the difference between the pressure resistance value of the fiber before and after the low temperature test is small.