A fast simplified SC decoding algorithm based on the uniform quantization is proposed to improve the problems of the high decoding complexity for the existing SC decoding algorithms in polar codes. The proposed algorithm retains the integer operation of the original SC decoding algorithm based on uniform quantization to save a lot of the storage space and facilitate the hardware implementation. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm reduces the operation time complexity by means of adding the identification of the special node. The simulation results show that the proposed fast simplified SC decoding algorithm, compared with the original algorithm, can reduce the time complexity by 46.29%. At the same time, the decoding performance of the proposed algorithm is only 0.1dB lower than that of the original algorithm at the block error rate of 10-5.