Polarization detection system calibration presents great significance for atmospheric detection, and it is a necessary basis for high accuracy retrieval for atmospheric parameters based on polarimetric detection. A prototype of spaceborne atmospheric synchronous correction device was developed by Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (AIOFM), which is a kind of multi-spectral polarimetric detection device. With this instrument, multi-spectral polarization information was obtained, and the atmospheric parameters synchronized with remote sensing image by time and space was retrieved. The calibration processing for the device is essential to acquire accurate atmospheric parameters. According to the multi-channel polarization detection features of atmospheric correction device, the system calibration was designed. By spectral, radiometric and polarization calibration, the Muller matrix of detection systems were obtained, therefore the relationship between detected values of each channel DN and the Stokes parameters was established, which provided an important basis for the practical application of the device.