Radix Panacis quinquefolii pieces coming from different drug stores were tested by crystal liquid spectral imaging instrument, and a new method for quality control was presented. The spectral resolution is 5 nm, the spectral range is from 405 to 680 nm, and the spatial resolution is 50 lp·mm-1.The characteristic spectrum from spectral cube was used to construct the fingerprint of Radix Panacis quinquefolii, and the fingerprint was analyzed by principal method to identify the counterfeit and to evaluate the quality. The result is fully consistent with biological character and chemical analysis result. So the technology is suitable for fingerprint construction and quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine. The whole testing process is noninvasive, fast and convenient.