Since the discovery of infrared radiation, scientists have been trying to apply infrared technology to the fields of earth observation, space remote sensing and space exploration. At present, the second and third generation of infrared detectors have entered large-scale applications, and the third generation of high-end infrared detectors is gradually breaking through. With the development of material preparation technology, nano-processing technology, integration technology and related cross-disciplines, forward-looking new materials, new technologies and new concepts have begun to appear. Infrared-terahertz detectors has also begun to change gradually from the traditional form of single detection, passive detection and separate detection to the direction of multi-dimensional detection, autonomous detection and intelligent chip integration. On the basis of introducing the physical mechanism of photoelectric detector, this paper summarizes the application and development of infrared-terahertz detection technology in the field of astronomical remote sensing, then focuses on the three expected revolutionary development direction of infrared-terahertz detectors, including the integration of light field based on artificial microstructure, the on-chip intelligence based on three-dimensional stacking technology and the application of new low-dimensional materials, and finally looks forward to the future development trend of detectors towards ultra-high performance, multi-dimensional sensing, intelligence and integration of sensing, memory and computing.