Construction spoil based high-fluid backfill material has the advantages of high fluidity, self-leveling, self-compaction and so on. Compared with the traditional backfill materials, it can effectively avoid the engineering problems caused by insufficient compaction. However, construction spoil based high-fluid backfill material is easy to settle and bleeding, which limits its engineering application. In this paper, polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE), sulfonated acetone formaldehyde (SAF), naphthalene superplasticizer (FDN) and melamine superplasticizer (PMS) were used to reduce water consumption and optimize fluidity. Meanwhile, the effects of four plasticizers on the properties of construction spoil based high-fluid backfill materials were compared. The results indicate that under the same fluidity, the water reducing effect of four plasticizers decreases in order: PCE>SAF>PMS>FDN. In terms of temporal fluidity, FDN system has better fluidity within 1 h than other plasticizer systems. The fluidity retention of four plasticizers systems decreases in order: FDN>PCE>PMS>SAF. Four plasticizers significantly reduce the bleeding rate of construction spoil based high-fluid backfill materials and shorten the setting time.