To obtain an image of the Martian surface with a high signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） and suitable brightness， the exposure parameters of the CMOS detector in the Mars high-resolution camera were designed， and the rolling shutter distortion was analyzed and corrected quantitatively. First， the photoelectric response model of the CMOS detector was established. By comparing the influence of exposure time and PGA gain on SNR， the exposure time was determined as the priority adjustment parameter. After analyzing the constraints of exposure time and clarifying the calculation method of target irradiance， the exposure time design results and SNR under different reflectivities， solar zenith angle， and orbit height parameters were given. Finally， the distortion mechanism of the rolling shutter was analyzed， and the correction method and theoretical correction accuracy were presented. The simulation results indicate that the SNR remains at approximately 48.28 dB in the non-orbital image-motion restricted area， and gradually decreases in the restricted area， with a minimum value of 32.45 dB when the reflectivity is 0.1. The SNR is 45.56 dB in a typical irradiation environment. Under the orbital parameters， the rolling shutter of the CMOS detector causes tens of pixels of tilt distortion. Under the premise that the image motion measurement error does not exceed 3.46‰， the image displacement after correction using the proposed method is better than 1 pixel.