The slow light technology of high-bit rate modulation signals has potential applications in the fields of optical communications of the future and optical signal processing. A key technique of high-bit rate modulated sinusoidal signal and return to zero pseudo-random bit sequences (RZ-PRBS) pulse signal dynamic adjustable delay is achieved via the structure of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) cascaded band-pass filter based on light filtering. For the high-bit rate sinusoidal signal, when the 5 GHz signal propagates through the cascaded system, the fundamental harmonic fractional delay of 40% and -10% can be achieved by altering the SOA injection current, respectively. For a RZ-PRBS optical sequence, 44.6 ps (96.3 ps) advance (delay) can be achieved by tuning the injection current at the wavelength of 1549.735 nm (1550.525 nm). Experimental data shows that the proposed optical filter structure can realize the adjustable delay of high-bit rate modulation signal by changing the injection current of SOA. In the case of precisely controlling the SOA injection current, the optical filter structure can be used for signal synchronization and bit-by-bit signal processing in a communication system.