In this paper, a nanomaterial named ICG/RG108@BSA was designed to encapsulate indocyanine green (ICG) and RG108 using bovine serum protein (BSA). Indocyanine green activated protein Caspase-3 under near infrared laser induction and RG108 up-regulated the expression of GSDME by inhibiting DNA methylation, thus enhancing the pyroptosis of bladder cancer cells caused by Caspase-3 cleavage. ICG/RG108@BSA had excellent biocompatibility, which was effectively phagocytosed by bladder cancer cells. ICG/RG108@BSA produced significant killing effect on bladder cancer cells when activated by 755 nm laser, in which the survival rate of Mb49 was only 6.9% and the survival rate of T24 cells was only 10.7%. The 755 nm laser-excited ICG/RG108@BSA nanomaterial also successfully induced bladder cancer cell pyroptosis, providing a favorable therapeutic condition for tumor immunotherapy of bladder cancer.