A 3-CCD microscope vision system is established to realize micro-target pose adjustment in a high-power laser device with high precision. Image-based visual control method is performed, and the image Jacobian matrix is derived online by using the active movement of the micro-target. The PI controller is used to adjust the micro-targets pose so that the image features are close to the objective position. In the experiments, we compare the image-based visual control method with the position-based visual control method, which was proposed in our previous research by using a 3D posture description algorithm to control the micro-target to the desired pose. The precision of target positioning and orientation error for the image-based visual control method are 0.07 μm and 0.02 μrad, respectively, whereas the precision of target positioning and orientation error values for the position-based visual control method are 0.16 μm and 0.07 μrad, respectively. The experimental results show that the image-based visual control method is robust for system errors such as kinematic and visual calibration errors. Thus, it possesses better precision and stability for target pose adjustment.