PhotoniX, Volume. 4, Issue 1, 30(2023)

Integrated heterodyne laser Doppler vibrometer based on stress-optic frequency shift in silicon nitride

Adam Raptakis1、*, Lefteris Gounaridis1, Jörn P. Epping2, Thi Lan Anh Tran2, Thomas Aukes3, Moritz Kleinert4, Madeleine Weigel4, Marco Wolfer5, Alexander Draebenstedt5, Christos Tsokos1, Panos Groumas1,6, Efstathios Andrianopoulos1, Nikos Lyras1, Dimitrios Nikolaidis1, Elias Mylonas1, Nikolaos Baxevanakis6, Roberto Pessina7, Erik Schreuder2, Matthijn Dekkers3, Volker Seyfried5, Norbert Keil4, René G. Heideman2, Hercules Avramopoulos1, and Christos Kouloumentas1,6
Author Affiliations
  • 1Photonic Communications Research Laboratory, Institute of Communication and Computer Systems, National Technical University of Athens, 15573 Zografou, Greece
  • 2LioniX International BV, P.O. Box 456, 7500 AL Enschede, The Netherlands
  • 3SolMateS BV, Auke Vleerstraat 3, 7521 PE Enschede, The Netherlands
  • 4Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, HHI, 1058 Berlin, Germany
  • 5Polytec GmbH, 76337, Waldbronn, Germany
  • 6Optagon Photonics, Agia Paraskevi 15341, Athens, Greece
  • 7Cordon Electronics Italia S.R.L, San Martino 7, Agrate Brianza 20864, Italy
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    We demonstrate a compact heterodyne Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) based on the realization of optical frequency shift in the silicon nitride photonic integration platform (TriPleX). We theoretically study, and experimentally evaluate two different photonic integrated optical frequency shifters (OFSs), utilizing serrodyne and single-sideband (SSB) modulation. Both OFSs employ stress-optic modulators (SOMs) based on the non-resonant piezoelectrical actuation of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin-films, deposited on top of the silicon nitride waveguides with a wafer-scale process. To improve the modulation bandwidth of the SOMs we investigate a novel configuration of the electrodes used for the actuation, where both electrodes are placed on top of the PZT layer. Using this top-top electrode configuration we report frequency shift of 100 kHz and 2.5 MHz, and suppression ratio of the unwanted sidebands of 22.1 dB and 39 dB, using the serrodyne and the SSB OFS, respectively. The best performing SOM structure induces 0.25π peak-to-peak sinusoidal phase-shift with 156 mW power dissipation at 2.5 MHz. We use the SSB-OFS in our compact LDV system to demonstrate vibration measurements in the kHz regime. The system comprises a dual-polarization coherent detector built in the PolyBoard platform, utilizing hybrid integration of InP photodiodes (PDs). High quality LDV performance with measurement of vibration frequencies up to several hundreds of kHz and displacement resolution of 10 pm are supported with our system.

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    Adam Raptakis, Lefteris Gounaridis, Jörn P. Epping, Thi Lan Anh Tran, Thomas Aukes, Moritz Kleinert, Madeleine Weigel, Marco Wolfer, Alexander Draebenstedt, Christos Tsokos, Panos Groumas, Efstathios Andrianopoulos, Nikos Lyras, Dimitrios Nikolaidis, Elias Mylonas, Nikolaos Baxevanakis, Roberto Pessina, Erik Schreuder, Matthijn Dekkers, Volker Seyfried, Norbert Keil, René G. Heideman, Hercules Avramopoulos, Christos Kouloumentas. Integrated heterodyne laser Doppler vibrometer based on stress-optic frequency shift in silicon nitride[J]. PhotoniX, 2023, 4(1): 30

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    Paper Information

    Category: Research Articles

    Received: Apr. 28, 2023

    Accepted: Aug. 8, 2023

    Published Online: Dec. 14, 2023

    The Author Email: Raptakis Adam (arap@mail.ntua.gr)

    DOI:10.1186/s43074-023-00105-4

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