The heat dissipation problem of the Stirling refrigerator driver components has always been the main limiting factor for the stable operation of the Stirling refrigerator in the high-temperature environment. Taking a certain Stirling refrigerator as the research object, its heat dissipation characteristics are optimized by designing the heat dissipation structure of specific driver components. The reliability of the optimized heat dissipation structure and the heat dissipation improvement effect are verified through experiments. Under the condition of a thermal vacuum environment temperature of 60℃, the average temperature drop of the driver components of the Stirling refrigerator using the optimized heat dissipation structure is about 718%. According to the experiments, it is found that under the condition of a thermal vacuum environment temperature of 60℃, the average temperature of components using red copper as the backplane material is about 905% lower than that of components using aluminum as the backplane material, and the average temperature of components when the refrigerator is placed in the reverse direction is about 1925% lower than that when it is placed in the forward direction. The designed heat dissipation optimization structure, experimental process and results in this paper have certain guiding significance for specific engineering practice .