To realize millisecond resolution measurement of grating angular displacement, we study the design, fabrication, and spatial filtering method of gratings from the viewpoint of optics. According to the Mach-Zehnder interferometry principle, multi-beam holographic gratings are designed. At the same time, spatial filtering imaging processing of the rectangular grating and the multi-beam holographic grating is carried out. Parallel light and point light are selected as light sources of the test. Diffraction information of the gratings is collected by using area array charge coupled device (CCD) and linear array CCD. The gratings before and after spatial filtering imaging are tested from aspects of fringe quality, transmittance functions, and frequency spectra. The results show that the higher harmonic contents of the gratings are decreased with the utilization of the spatial filtering imaging processing method, and grating signal quality is significantly improved. The sine property of the gratings is effectively improved with the increase of spatial frequency of the diffraction gratings.