On the basis of the development of a novel vision-based airborne equipment mounted an attitude boresight system, a calibration method of the target plate for measurement of the object position and attitude was proposed. Firstly, the coordinates of target points on the target plate were acquired from multiple directions by using a camera, and target point locations were determined in a condition of one scale factor difference. Then, the absolute scale factor was recovered by using the multiple accurate movement of a single IR-LED and an image overlay method, and target point locations were obtained. Finally, the “target/base” relative position and attitude were solved by precisely controlling the target plate movement and by using each coordinate relationship before and after the movements. Furthermore, aimed at the target plate for the object attitude measurement, a simplified “target/base” calibration method based on movement along two vertical directions was proposed separately to reduce the equipment requirements in the calibration. Experimental results indicate that at the distance of 3—12 m, the standard deviations of attitude angle measurement are 0004—0.017°, and the attitude measurement accuracy is the same as that from the laser tracker.