In order to improve the manufacturing accuracy of gear involute artifacts, this study investigates the influence rule of installation eccentricity for gear involute artifacts on their profile slope deviation. Firstly, based on the involute generation principle of the double roller-guide, a mathematical model of the influence of installation eccentricity on the profile slope deviation of a gear involute artifact is developed, and the tooth profile form deviation are separated from the tooth profile slope deviations. Based on the mathematical model, the installation eccentricity corresponding to compensation of the profile slope deviation of gear involute artifact is deduced, and it is verified via test experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that the profile slope deviation of a gear involute artifact can be reduced from -3.53 μm to -0.06 μm, and the requirements for a class-1 gear involute artifact are satisfied. These conclusions on the influence rule of installation eccentricity on the profile slope deviation of gear involute artifacts can be used to compensate their tooth profile slope deviation and provide technical support for the development of high-grade gear involute artifacts.