Aiming at the problem that the target is difficult to identify under complex background conditions, the color polarization imaging technology was adopted to propose a target enhancement method based on the color polarization image. Firstly, the degree of linear polarization (DoLP), angle of polarization (AoP) and color intensity (S₀) images were obtained according to the data from the split-focal plane color polarization camera. Then, the visual salience of DoLP, AoP and S₀was extracted by using the large difference of color polarization characteristics between targets and backgrounds, so that the targets were initially enhanced. Moreover, the three visual salience images were transferred to HSV space for fusion, and finally transferred to RGB space for display. Experiments were conducted by using contrast and vector angle distance as the objective evaluation indexes. The multiple experimental scene data show that the contrast and vector angular distance of the fused images are 3.971 times and 1.711 times higher than those of the images before fusion, respectively.