Phase-sensitive optical time domain reflection system(Ф-OTDR) is a new type of distributed fiber perturbation sensing system. With the continuous improvement of application requirements, the detection and positioning of external intrusion can not satisfy the actual needs, the accurate detection of the signal identification is urgently needed. When detecting the intrusion signal, it is a key problem in the research of distributed optical fiber disturbance sensor system how to accurately distinguish the classification of intrusion events and reduce the false alarm rate and false negative rate. The principle of distributed fiber perturbation sensing system was briefly introduced, the existing methods of feature extraction and classifier design were summarized and classified, and the recognition results were summarized and compared to facilitate the research. According to the difference of the application environment and the characteristics of the signal to be measured, the accurate selection of the appropriate signal pattern recognition method is adopted to promote the researchers to study the pattern recognition method of distributed fiber perturbation sensing system more deeply.