Because the rotating laser scanning measurement system adopts the instrument structure of separate receiver and transmitter, it is easy to be restricted by the complex measurement conditions in the industrial field. Aiming at the problem of limited adaptability of the system in the field, a single-station passive multi-target location method based on rotating laser scanning is proposed. In the proposed method, multiple cube-corner prisms are introduced as passive targets to be measured. The combination of signal transmitter and receiver is realized by constructing aspheric reflection receiving model, and the signal delay in this measurement mode is analyzed and compared. Moreover, a multi-target optical signal matching mechanism is established to realize passive multi-target rendezvous location. Finally, the experimental verification is carried out on the platform of workshop Measurement Positioning System. The results show that the proposed method can achieve sub-millimeter positioning accuracy in three directions within 10 m measurement range, and effectively improve the adaptability of rotating laser scanning measurement system in complex measurement environment.