Optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables three-dimensional internal micro-structural imaging of biological tissue in real time with high resolution, and it has wide range of applications in clinic diagnosis, treatment and basic scientific research. In recent years, thanks to the development of light sources and detection technology, Fourier domain OCT has become the mainstream OCT model, particularly has promoted the development of functional imaging technology, such as OCT microangiography. In this work, we review the principle of OCT based on Fourier domain OCT, and illustrate the primary performance parameters and their influence factors of system. The recent advances and expectations in imaging range, speed and functional extensions are introduced.