According to the current situation of optical fiber sensors, the characteristics, advantages and application fields of distributed and quasi distributed optical fiber sensors are briefly introduced. On this basis, the latest research results under the technical requirements of single parameter and multi parameter at home and abroad are listed, and the single parameter distributed optical fiber sensor and multi parameter quasi distributed optical fiber sensor are compared and analyzed in improving the light source, optical fiber structure and demodulation technology. Finally, the future development trend is prospected.