Based on the atomic force microscope (AFM), the fluorescence microscopic imaging system and the time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) system, the spontaneous emission enhancement of quantum dots and the fluorescence surface plasmon polariton (SPP) propagation are studied in a coupling structure of a gold nano-sphere (AuNS) and a sliver nano-wire (AgNW). The coupling between the AuNS and the AgNW is achieved in two ways. Firstly, a mixed solution of AuNSs and quantum dots, and the solution of AgNWs are successively coated on a SiO2 substrate to look for the AuNS-AgNW coupling structures that are randomly formed. Secondly, a controlled AuNS-AgNW coupling structure is achieved by using the AFM nano-manipulation. Based on the AuNS-AgNW coupling structure with quantum dots in its nano-gap, the experimental results show that the enhancement factor of the spontaneous emission rate of the quantum dots fluorescence can be up to 611 and the propagation of the fluorescence SPP along the AgNW is also observed. COMSOL Multiphysics software is used to simulate the enhancement factor of the spontaneous emission rate of a quantum dot with different positions and polarizations near the AuNS-AgNW coupling structure. The results are compared with those of a quantum dot coupled with single AuNS and single AgNW, showing that the AuNS-AgNW coupling structure can provide a higher enhancement factor of the spontaneous emission rate. The propagation of the SPP along the AgNW excited by the point source is also calculated. The simulation results agree well with the experimental results.