Gear pitch artifacts are measurement standards used to calibrate the indication error of total cumulative deviation， the measurement repeatability of individual pitch deviation， and the angular positioning error of the rotary table of gear measuring instruments. A multitooth positioning claw was constructed based on the error-homogenization principle for the indexing mechanism of a gear grinding machine to develop high-precision gear pitch artifacts. Next， simulations for the error homogenization and indexing accuracy retention of the multitooth positioning indexing mechanism were conducted. Finally， a comparative machining experiment of the gear pitch artifacts was performed based on single-tooth and multitooth positioning indexing mechanisms. Compared to the single-tooth positioning indexing mechanism， the multitooth positioning indexing mechanism decreased the single-pitch deviation of the ground gears by 11.1%-36.4% and the total cumulative pitch deviation by 30.4%-48%. This resulted in ultraprecision grinding of a gear pitch artifact with a normal modulus m_n=4 mm， a number of teeth z=30， an individual pitch deviation f_p=0.6 μm， and a total accumulated tooth pitch deviation F_p=1.4 μm. The pitch deviations of the proposed gear pitch artifacts satisfy the specifications of the Chinese national standard for cylindrical gears （GB/T10095.1-2022） for Class-1 pitch tolerances （f_pT=1.7 μm； F_pT=5.0 μm）. This study provides a valuable reference for the ultraprecision machining of gear pitch artifacts.