Water vapor is an important meteorological parameter in the atmosphere, TDLAS direct absorption technology combined with open-path monitoring was used in order to achieve large-scale regional atmospheric water vapor concentration detection with high sensitivity, high accuracy and fast response, and to correct the remote sensing data. The large-scale regional laser detection system for water vapor was designed and the absorption line of water vapor molecules near 1.27 μm was chosen as the goal line. The system performance was verified in conjunction with a multiple reflection cell, that the system limit sensitivity was 14.803 mmol·mol-1 in optical path of 40 m. The continuous field experiment in 1 420 m optical path at the Yucheng Integrated Experimental Station, CAS was completed with this system which worked stably. Then the measured data was compared with the data of a gas analyzer LI-7500 in eddy correlation observation system at the same site, and the data consistency was good. A new method for water vapor concentration monitoring in the complex field of non-uniform underlying surface was provided.