Continuing human space activities have led to increasing numbers of man-made spacecrafts and non-cooperative objects in Earth’s space，which makes space security and environmental management gradually become important issues for the sustainable development of space activities.The perception and measurement of space targets are prerequisites for space environment management.It is an important means for space-based target perception to use spacecrafts as platforms for the long-range observation and cataloguing of targets throughout the day and for close-in observation and imaging of key targets.The space-based collaborative perception aims to obtain valuable attribute information of space targets by means of joint perception by multiple space-based platforms and sensors，and plays an important role in the early warning of debris and failed spacecrafts，the assessment of in-orbit satellite status，and the measurement and identification of in-orbit services.In this paper，the development of space-based perception technologies in recent years is reviewed，the key technologies in the space-based cooperative perception of space targets are analyzed，and the future development direction of these technologies is forecasted.