In order to realize the data acquisition, processing, communication and test of underground multi-channel gas concentration, the optical fiber SPR sensor network based on the single-chip device is designed. Aiming at the single-chip device, this network combines optical switching devices with serial devices. In order to achieve multi-channel communications, and taking the mechanical optical switch with low loss and high scalability into account, so 32 groups mechanical optical switches are used; 89C52 single-chip controls the optical switch to realize 32 groups cycle test. This single-chip has high-capacity and high-speed characteristics; In addition, the total program of system operation is written, the gas concentration alarm is simulated by LABVIEW.