The resource utilization of passive optical communication network is directly related to the communication quality of the network. In this context, in order to achieve high-quality communication, this paper proposes a passive optical communication network reconfiguration method based on genetic ant colony algorithm. Under 8 assumptions, the research aims to maximize resource utilization. Under 7 constraints, the genetic ant colony algorithm is used to obtain the optimal solution that meets the objective function, and the passive optical communication network reconfiguration scheme is obtained. The results show that the resource utilization ratio of the passive optical communication network under the application of the design method is high, up to 96%. It shows that the design method can achieve communication transmission with the minimum resource consumption, and has certain application value.