A TiN coating was modificated by microscale Laser Shock Peening (μLSP) based on the laser spot with a diameter of 300 μm to further improve its surface properties. An optical profiler and a nanomechanical test system were used to observe and measure the surface morphology, nano-hardness and the elastic modulus of the TiN coating in a peening area with different μLSP parameters. Experimental results show that a conical dent is formed in the peening area after μLSP, and the biggest depth is about 1.2 μm. The nano-hardness and elastic modulus are significantly changed in the center of peening area, and they are enhanced with the increase of laser energy in a certain range. When the laser energy is 250 mJ, both the nano-hardness and elastic modulus reach the maximum, which are 50.21 GPa and 402.8 GPa, respectively. Compared with the initial state of the TiN coating, they have been increased by 140% and 43.9%,respectively.