In recent years, researchers have integrated various detection mechanisms and investigated a series of optoelectronic detection technologies, aiming at online monitoring of hydrogen leakage in sealed hydrogen storage devices and hydrogen pipelines. This review categorizes direct and indirect detection methods and introduces recent advancements in detection technologies for hydrogen storage and transportation infrastructures. We conduct a comparative analysis to summarize the features and merits of each technology. Finally, we predict the prospects for the further development of optoelectronic detection technologies for the safe operation and maintenance of hydrogen storage and transportation systems.